Basic chimiro uye nheyo yekushanda yekamera module

Basic chimiro chekamera module

I. Kamera chimiro uye nheyo yekushanda

Chiitiko chinopfurwa kuburikidza nelens, iyo inogadzirwa optical image inofungidzirwa pane sensor, uye ipapo mufananidzo wemaziso unoshandurwa kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi, chinoshandurwa kuita chiratidzo chedhijitari kuburikidza neanalog-to-digital kutendeuka.Chiratidzo chedhijitari chinogadziriswa neDSP uye yozotumirwa kukombiyuta kuti igadziriswe, uye pakupedzisira inoshandurwa kuita mufananidzo unogona kuonekwa pahwindo refoni.

Basa redhijitari chiratidzo chekugadzirisa (DSP) chip: kukwidziridza madhijitari echiratidzo chechiratidzo chedhijitari kuburikidza neakateedzana akaomesesa masvomhu algorithms, uye kuendesa masaini akagadziriswa kuPC uye zvimwe zvishandiso kuburikidza ne USB uye mamwe mainterface.DSP chimiro chimiro:
1, ISP (mufananidzo chiratidzo processor)
1. ISP (mufananidzo chiratidzo processor)
2, JPEG encoder
2. JPEG encoder
3, USB mudziyo controller
3. USB mudziyo controller

Kune marudzi maviri eakajairwa kamera sensors,

Imwe ndeyeCCD (Chagre Couled Device) sensor, kureva, kuchaja yakasanganiswa mudziyo.
Imwe yacho CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) sensor, kureva, inopindirana simbi oxide semiconductor.
Kubatsira kweCCD kuri muhutano hwakanaka hwekufungidzira, asi nzira yekugadzira yakaoma, mutengo wakakwirira, uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwakakwirira.Pachisarudzo chimwe chete, CMOS yakachipa kupfuura CCD, asi mhando yemufananidzo yakaderera pane CCD.Kuenzaniswa neCCD, CMOS mufananidzo sensor ine yakaderera simba rekushandisa.Uye zvakare, nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekuita, iwo mufananidzo weCMOS wakaramba uchivandudzwa.Naizvozvo, iyezvino nharembozha makamera pamusika ese anoshandisa CMOS sensors.

Chimiro chakareruka chenharembozha kamera
Lens: unganidza mwenje uye gadzira chiitiko pamusoro peiyo yemifananidzo yepakati.
Image sensor: svikiro rekufungidzira, rinoshandura chifananidzo (chiratidzo chechiedza) chinoratidzwa nelenzi pamusoro pechiratidzo chemagetsi.
Motokari: inotyaira kufamba kwelenzi, kuitira kuti lens igadzirise mufananidzo wakajeka pamusoro peiyo yepakati yekufungidzira.
Ruvara Sefa: Chiitiko chinoonekwa neziso remunhu chiri mubhendi rinooneka rechiedza, uye sensor yemufananidzo inogona kuziva bhendi rechiedza kupfuura ziso remunhu.Naizvozvo, sefa yeruvara inowedzerwa kusefa kunze kweiyo yakawandisa bhendi bhendi, kuitira kuti iyo sensor yemufananidzo inogona kutora chaiwo maficha anoonekwa nemeso.
Motor drive chip: inoshandiswa kudzora kufamba kwemota uye kutyaira lens kuti uwane autofocus.
Circuit board substrate: Tumira chiratidzo chemagetsi cheiyo sensor yemufananidzo kumucheto kumashure.
II.Related parameters nemazita
1. Mafomu emifananidzo akajairika
1.1 RGB fomati:
Iyo yechinyakare tsvuku, yegirini uye yebhuruu fomati, senge RGB565 uye RGB888;iyo 16-bit data fomati ndeye 5-bit R + 6-bit G + 5-bit B. G ine imwezve bhiti nekuti maziso emunhu anonyanya kuona kugirinhi.
1.2 YUV fomati:
Luma (Y) + chroma (UV) fomati.YUV inoreva pixel fomati umo luminance parameter uye chrominance parameter zvinoratidzwa zvakasiyana.Chakanakira kupatsanurwa uku ndechekuti haingodzivisi kupindirana chete, asi zvakare inoderedza chroma sampling rate pasina kukanganisa chimiro chemufananidzo zvakanyanya.YUV izwi rinowedzera.Nekurongeka kwayo chaiko, inogona kukamurwa kuva akawanda mafomati chaiwo.
Chroma (UV) inotsanangura zvinhu zviviri zveruvara: hue uye saturation, iyo inomiririrwa neCB uye CR zvichiteerana.Pakati pazvo, Cr inoratidza mutsauko pakati pechikamu chitsvuku chechiratidzo chekuisa RGB uye kukosha kwekupenya kwechiratidzo cheRGB, nepo Cb inoratidza musiyano pakati pechikamu chebhuruu chechiratidzo chekuisa RGB uye kukosha kwekupenya kwechiratidzo cheRGB.
Mafomati makuru ekuenzanisira ndiYCbCr 4:2:0, YCbCr 4:2:2, YCbCr 4:1:1 uye YCbCr 4:4:4.
1.3 RAW data fomati:
Iyo RAW mufananidzo idata rakasvibirira iro CMOS kana CCD mufananidzo sensor inoshandura iyo yakatorwa mwenje sosi siginecha kuita chiratidzo chedhijitari.A RAW faira ifaira inorekodha ruzivo rwekutanga rwedhijitari kamera sensor uye mamwe metadata (senge ISO marongero, shutter kumhanya, aperture kukosha, chena bharanzi, nezvimwewo) inogadzirwa nekamera.RAW imhando isina kugadziridzwa uye isina kudzvanywa uye inogona kufungidzirwa se "raw image coded data" kana zvakanyanya kunzi "digital negative".Pixel yega yega ye sensor inoenderana nefirita yemavara, uye mafirita anogoverwa zvinoenderana neBayer pateni.Iyo data yepixel yega yega inobuda zvakananga, iyo RAW RGB data
Raw data (Raw RGB) inova RGB mushure mekududzirwa kwemavara.

RAW fomati mufananidzo mufananidzo
2. Related technical zviratidzo
2.1 Mufananidzo kugadzirisa:
SXGA (1280 x1024), 1.3 megapixels
XGA (1024 x768), 0.8 megapixels
SVGA (800 x600), 0.5 megapixels
VGA (640x480), 0.3 megapixels (0.35 megapixels zvinoreva 648X488)
CIF(352x288), 0.1 megapixels
SIF/QVGA(320x240)
QCIF(176x144)
QSIF/QQVGA(160x120)
2.2 Kudzika kwemavara (nhamba yemavara mabhiti):
256 ruvara rwegrey scale, 256 marudzi egrey (kusanganisira dema nechena).
15 kana 16-bit ruvara (yakakwirira ruvara): 65,536 mavara.
24-bit color (yechokwadi ruvara): Imwe neimwe yekutanga ruvara ine 256 mazinga, uye musanganiswa wavo une 256 * 256 * 256 mavara.
32-bit color: Pamusoro peiyo 24-bit color, mamwe masere bits anoshandiswa kuchengetedza iyo graphic data yeyakatarisana layer (alpha chiteshi).
2.3 Optical zoom uye zoom yedhijitari:
Optical zoom: Zoom mukati / kunze kwechinhu chaunoda kupfura nekugadzirisa lens.Inochengeta mapixels uye mhando yemufananidzo zvisina kuchinjika, asi iwe unogona kutora yakanaka mufananidzo.Digital zoom: Iko hakuna zoom chaizvo.Inongotora kubva pamufananidzo wepakutanga uye inokwevera mukati. Zvaunoona paLCD skrini zvinowedzerwa, asi chimiro chemufananidzo hachina kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya, uye mapikisesi akadzikira pane epamusoro mapixels ayo kamera yako inogona kupfura.Hunhu hwemufananidzo hauna kufanira, asi hunogona kupa zvimwe zviri nyore.
2.4 Mufananidzo wekumanikidza nzira:
JPEG/M-JPEG
H.261/H.263
MPEG
H.264
2.5 Mufananidzo ruzha:
Inoreva ruzha uye kukanganisa mumufananidzo uye inoratidzika seyakagadziriswa ruzha ruzha mumufananidzo.
2.6 Auto chena chiyero:
Zviri nyore: kudzoreredzwa kwezvinhu zvichena nekamera.Related pfungwa: ruvara tembiricha.
2.7 Kutarisa kona:
Iine musimboti wakafanana nemufananidzo weziso remunhu, iro rinozivikanwawo seyemaging range.
2.8 Auto focus:
Autofocus inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zviviri: imwe inotangira autofocus zvichibva pane chinhambwe chiri pakati pelenzi nechidzidzo, uye imwe yacho inotarisa yekuona autofocus yakavakirwa pakufungidzira kwakajeka pachiratidziro chekutarisa (kupinza algorithm).
Cherechedza: Zooming ndeyekuunza zvinhu zviri kure pedyo.Focus ndeyekuita kuti mufananidzo uve pachena.
2.9 Kuratidzwa otomatiki uye Gamma:
Iko kusanganiswa kweaperture uye shutter.Aperture, shutter kumhanya, ISO.Gamma ndiyo nzira yekupindura yeziso remunhu pakupenya.
III.Imwe kamera chimiro